When daily oral hygiene is not maintained properly, gingivitis can easily develop.
Bad Habits
Smoking keeps the gum tissue from repairing itself.
Specific Illnesses
Patients with cancer or HIV have a relatively weaker immune system. People suffering from diabetes have a higher risk of developing gum infections because of their inability to regulate blood sugar.
Family History of Dental Disease
It can also contribute to the development of gingivitis.
Medications
Some drugs, such as the anticonvulsant medication Dilantin and the anti-angina drugs Procardia and Adalat, can cause abnormal growth of gum tissue.
Hormonal Changes
Gums are more sensitive during pregnancy, puberty, menopause and menstruation, which increases the chances of developing gingivitis.
Stage 1: Gingivitis
This is the earliest stage of gum disease. At this stage, you may notice some bleeding during brushing and flossing. However, damage can be repaired since the bone and connective tissue that hold the teeth in place are not yet affected.
Stage 2: Periodontitis
At this stage, the supporting bone and fibers that hold your teeth in place have been irreversibly damaged. Your gums may begin to form a pocket below the gumline, which traps food and plaque. Proper dental treatment and improved home care can usually help prevent further damage.
Stage 3: Advanced Periodontitis
At this final stage of gum disease, the fibers and bone supporting your teeth have been destroyed, which can cause your teeth to shift or loosen. This can affect your bite and, if aggressive treatment can't save them, teeth may need to be removed.